Musculoskeletal CT Appearances

Giant Cell Tumor CT Findings

• Most common in long bones
• Lytic lesion centered in the epiphysis
• Lesions begin in the intramedullary region of the major long bones
• Typically develop near the articular cartilage
• Osteolytic destruction
• Bone shells may be complete or incomplete
• Circumscribed borders
• Uniform cystic density
• No calcification
• May extend into the soft tissue and form soft tissue masses as the tumor progresses
• More difficult to differentiate GCT from other osteolytic processes on CT in bones other than the long bones

Other Information About Giant Cell Tumors

Etiology:

• Unknown
• Associated with Paget’s disease

Epidemiology:

• Slightly more common in females
• Typically presents before age 50

Presentation:

• Palpable mass
• Fluid buildup in joint(s)
• Limited movement of joint(s)
• Swelling and/or pain of joint(s)
• Bone fractures

Prognosis:

• Giant cell tumors are usually benign but must be removed to prevent bone and tissue damage
• Recurrence averages around 33% so patients must be monitored

Related Pearls: Bone Tumors