Imaging of Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Tomás Franquet, Jose M Brenes, Monika Radike, Ana Giménez, Pere Domingo

Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2025 Jun 19:S0887-2171(25)00034-4. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2025.06.001. Online ahead of print.
Abstract
Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (IA-LPDs) represent a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by abnormal lymphoid tissue proliferation in the context of immune dysregulation. These disorders can range from benign reactive hyperplasia to overt malignant lymphoma and are strongly associated with conditions such as congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, chronic immunosuppressive therapy, and viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This article provides a comprehensive overview of the most common IA-LPD subtypes, their pathogenesis, imaging features, and clinical management. The role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the detection, characterization, and differential diagnosis of these entities is highlighted, with a focus on practical radiologic-pathologic correlations.