Alex To, Zou Yu, Ryohichi Sugimura
Semin Cell Dev Biol . 2025 Feb:166:22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.12.003. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics enabled the high-throughput profiling of single or multi-cell types and cell states with spatial information. They transformed our understanding of the higher-order architectures and paired cell-cell interactions within a tumor microenvironment (TME). Within less than a decade, this rapidly emerging field has discovered much crucial fundamental knowledge and significantly improved clinical diagnosis in the field of immuno-oncology. This review summarizes the conceptual frameworks to understand spatial omics data and highlights the updated knowledge of spatial immuno-oncology.