Venous anomalies of the thorax can involve systemic or pulmonary veins and range from isolated incidental findings to components of more complex anomalies, most often congenital heart disease. Radiologists often encounter these anomalies unexpectedly. Correct diagnosis can affect patient treatment and also help avoid unnecessary additional studies when the anomalies simulate thoracic disease [1-3]. Many anomalies of these veins are revealed by radiography [4], but more are seen on cross-sectional imaging. In this article, CT [5, 6] and MRI [7] are emphasized and the salient features of the anomalies are discussed. The review is divided into three sections. The first two sections, the Superior Vena Cava and the Azygos System, address systemic venous anomalies, and the third addresses the pulmonary veins.